INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT & HOMEOSTASIS

Assalamualaikum w.b.t. & very good day to all viewers.

Today I taught the form 4 Maari's students about internal environment & homeostasis. From their face expression, I can imagine this part is hard to understand. Especially about homeostasis.

Fistly, U need to really understand the meaning of internal environment. then after that, u can understand why homeostasis is very important for multicellular organism to maintain their metabolic process.

cell organisation

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Please make revisions to make sure U really understand the concept. If not, U may come to see me.

2.2 UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS

Assalamualaikum w.b.t. & welcome to all.

Today, I taught about unicellular organism for 4 Maari's Biology. We discussed on the structure & life process of Amoeba & Paramecium.

So many terminologies they found today as example, phagocytosis, conjugation, endoplasm, ectoplasm, etc.

Here some information about Amoeba & Paramecium.

Amoeba
Amoeba (sometimes amœba or ameba, plural amoebae) is a term used either to describe protists that move by crawling via pseudopods, or to refer to a genus that includes species that move by this mechanism.

The amoeba was first discovered by August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof in 1757. Early naturalists referred to Amoeba as the Proteus animalcule after the Greek god Proteus who could change his shape. The name "amibe" was given to it by Bory de Saint-Vincent, from the Greek amoibè (αμοιβή), meaning change.

The cell's organelles and cytoplasm are enclosed by a cell membrane, obtaining its food through phagocytosis. Amoebae have a single large tubular pseudopod at the anterior end, and several secondary ones branching to the sides. The most famous species, Amoeba proteus, is 700-800 μm in length but the species Amoeba dubia is as large as a millimeter, and visible to the naked eye. Its most recognizable features include one or more nuclei and a simple contractile vacuole to maintain osmotic equilibrium. Food enveloped by the amoeba is stored and digested in vacuoles. Amoebae, like other single-celled eukaryotic organisms, reproduce asexually via mitosis and cytokinesis, not to be confused with binary fission, which is how prokaryotes (bacteria) reproduce. In cases where the amoeba are forcibly divided, the portion that retains the nucleus will survive and form a new cell and cytoplasm, while the other portion dies. Amoebas also have no definite shape.



Paramecium

Paramecia, also known as Lady Slippers, due to their appearance, are a group of unicellularciliate protozoa, which are commonly studied as a representative of the ciliate group, and range from about 50 to 350 μm in length, Simple cilia cover the body, which allow the cell to move with a synchronous motion (like a caterpillar). There is also a deep oral groove containing inconspicuous compound oral cilia (as found in other peniculids) used to draw food inside. They generally feed on bacteria and other small cells. Osmoregulation is carried out by a pair of contractile vacuoles, which actively expel water absorbed by osmosis from their surroundings.

Paramecia are widespread in freshwater environments, and are especially common in scums. Paramecia are attracted by acidic conditions. Certain single-celled eukaryotes, such as Paramecium, are examples for exceptions to the universality of the genetic code (translation systems where a few codons differ from the standard ones).

The paramecium approximates a prolate spheroid^[1], rounded at the front and pointed at the back. The pellicle is a stiff but elastic membrane that gives the paramecium its definite shape. Covering the outer edge are whiplike structures, called cilia. On the side beginning near the front end continuing down half way is the oral groove, which collects food until it is swept into the cell mouth. There is an opening near the back end called the anal pore. The contractile vacuole and its radiating canals — referred to previously for osmoregulation of the organism, are also found on the outside of a paramecium.

The paramecium contains cytoplasm, trichocysts (“thread capsules”), the gullet, food vacuoles, the macronucleus, and the micronucleus.

For the paramecium to move forward, its cilia beat on an angle, backward in unison. This means that the paramecium moves by spiralling through the water on an invisible axis. For the paramecium to move backward, the cilia simply beat forward on an angle in unison.

If the paramecium runs into a solid object, the cilia changes its direction and beats forward, causing the paramecium to go backward. The paramecium turns slightly and goes forward again. If it runs into the solid object again it will repeat this process until it can get past the object.

Paramecia feed on microorganisms like bacteria, algae, and yeasts. To gather its food, the paramecium uses its cilia to sweep up food along with some water into the cell mouth after it falls into the oral groove. The food goes through the cell mouth into the gullet, which is like the stomach. When enough food has accumulated at the gullet base, it navigates there to form a food vacuole in the cytoplasm, and travels through the cell, through the back end first. As it moves along, enzymes from the cytoplasm enter the vacuole to digest the contents, digested nutrients then going into the cytoplasm, and the vacuole shrinks. When the vacuole reaches the anal pore, it ruptures, expelling its waste contents to the exterior.

CUTI PERISTIWA

Assalamualaikum wbt & salam sejahtera kpd readers!!!

Hari ni cuti peristiwa sbb hari sabtu (21hb Feb) hari sukan sekolah (Temasya Olahraga Tahunan ke-6/2009). Urm, keputusannya, Johan TOT6/2009 diungguli oleh rumah Nilam.(kaler biru). 1st runner up, Delima (kaler merah), 2nd runner up, Zamrud (kaler hijo) & 4th, Mutiara (kaler kuning). Nak tau lagi? Jenguk la blog sekolah kita, SBP Integrasi Gopeng. Baru lagi ni. Tp dh makin byk entry. Segalanya tentang aktiviti SBP Integrasi Gopeng.

Dh habis citer pasal sukan. Semalam, hari Ahad, cuti hujung minggu beberapa orang cikgu SBPI Gopeng diisi dgn acara sukan air pulak. Hahahaha....menjala ikan kt sungai sekitar Kota Bahru, Gopeng.



Tapi nasib kami kurang baik coz dh ada org lain yg menjala dulu kt tempat kami nk pegi tu. Dorang tu ustat2 matrik. Tgk dlm raga motor diorang dh penuh ikan. Erks...punah harapan. Tapi dpat la jugak ikannya, cuma kurang lumayan.


Dapat la ikan sekarung guni beras 5kg, udang galah 7 ekor.

Nyamm....kecebur!!!(Bunyi terjun dalam air daa...)

EXHAUSTED!!!

Assalamualaikum...

Uh...today is the most exhausted day. I have a lot of jobs to settle down. I got 6 period of classes today. 4 for form 1 science & 2 for form 4 biology.

Tambah dengan kerja sbg S/U Panitia Biologi, kena lengkapkan fail. Bukan apa, hari ni hari Anti-Dadah Kebangsaan. SBPI Gopeng jadi tuan rumah untuk sambutan peringkat negeri Perak. Sbb En. Dzul nk bacakan perutusan dr YB Menteri Pelajaran, sume cikgu kena datang awal. 7.10 dh terpacak kt Dataran Ilmu. Dalam masa yg sama, Ketua Pengarah Pelajaran Malaysia on the way nk ke Kepala Batas. Mr. Principal pn aware la, kot KPPM tu tetiba je rasa nk singgah SBPI Gopeng, tak ke naya. Sbg langkah bersedia, semua panitia diarah mengemaskinikan fail masing2. Kalut la sume.

Petang pulak, start kul 3.30 ptg, ada raptai temasya olahraga pulak. Berjemur tgh panas bersama pelajar. Dah selesai, kul 5.45 ptg bwk student masuk ladang kepala sawit, eh kelapa sawit, ambil batang kayu. Untuk buat hiasan khemah sukan. Kul 6.15 baru balik umah.

Ahhh...penatnya. Lepas semayang magrib terus flat. Zzzzzzzz.......

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

Yesterday, I taught this subtopic for form 4 Biruni. Here is the notes for that subtopic.

Ideas about cell structure have changed considerably over the years. Early biologists saw cells as simple membranous sacs containing fluid and a few floating particles. Today's biologists know that cells are infinitely more complex than this.
There are many different types, sizes, and shapes of cells in the body. For descriptive purposes, the concept of a "generalized cell" is introduced. It includes features from all cell types. A cell consists of three parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and between the two, the cytoplasm. Within the cytoplasm lie intricate arrangements of fine fibers and hundreds or even thousands of miniscule but distinct structures called organelles.

2.1 - Cell Function

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1.7 THE TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES IN PLANTS

Plants have a transport system for carrying water & dissolved solutes to different parts of the plant, often over long distance. Simple multicellular plants do not need a specific transport system because their TSA/V ratio is high. Only angiosperms, conifer & ferns have a vascular system, consists of xylem & phloem.

Here is the related notes for revision. Study smart and enjoyable!!!

Sub 1.7 - Transport in Plants

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1.6 APPRECIATING A HEALTHY CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Today, 5 Kindi learned Subtopic 1.6 of Biology Form 5. We discussed the meaning of cardiovascular disease (CD), the risk factors and the way to maintain a healthy cardiovascular system. I gave them an exercise for this subtopic. Here are the note for this subtopic. Easier for you to revise.

Sub 1.6 Cardio

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1.5 Body's Defence Mechanism

Sub 1.5 Body Defence Mechanism

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P.E.N.A.T.

Salam sume.

Penat. Itu je perkataan yang aku fikirkan skan. Masuk keja kul 7.15 pagi, kul 5.30 ptg baru jejak rumah.

Pagi ni, macam biasa la, aku ada kelas Biologi tingkatan 5 Kindi. Masih subtopik 1.2. Tapi berjaya habis la. Esok sambung 1.3 pulak walaupun esok cuti Jubli Perak Sultan Perak. Nk habiskan silibus cepat2, nnt mudah budak2 nk buat revision. Janji dgn bdk2 kelas kul 9pagi esok. Harap leh habis 1.3 & sambung 1.4 sket.

Dah habis kerja mengajar, kena buat kerja cikgu IT la pulak. Kena check PC Ustaz Radzi. Ada masalah dengan SMMV3. Jenuh aku reinstal, xdpt2. Check punya check, rupanya Microsoft Office ada prop. Corrupted. Kena install balik Office tu. Last2 ok. Nak balik td, problem lain pulak. Malas aku nk pikir. Asal prob dgn Komputer je, tanya aku. Aku ni bidan terjun je. Bukan semua aku tau. Aku try apa yg aku tau je la.

Kul 2.15 ptg, ada meeting hari temasya olahraga pulak. Kul 3.30 baru hbs. lepas solat zuhur, sambung dgn sukantara rumah Delima & Mutiara pula. Ada 3 games, 100 meter, lompat jauh & lontar peluru.

PENAT wei!!! Nasib baik esok leh rest.

Regulation of Blood Pressure

Assalamualaikum...

After 1 week break b'coz of Chinese New Year, today my class continued with subtopic 1.2 from Biology Form 5. I planned to discuss the regulation of blood pressure, but my students made my blood pressure increased over than usual. They late again!!! Not 2, or 3 minutes, but 12 minutes! What a waste of time.

Argh...my mood ruined! But the class must go on. After advised them, give a short tazkeerah, I started my lesson.

Blood pressure is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism. Our brain can't control the contraction & relaxation of cardiac muscle b'coz the cardiac muscle is MYOGENIC. It can generates their own impulse to trigger the pumping of heart. But our brain can control the heart beat, increase the heart beat if the blood pressure is low or via versa. In medula oblongata of brain, a group of tissue called CARDIVASCULAR CENTRE play an important role in regulating blood pressure.

In controlling the blood pressure, there are two type of nerve that helps cardiovascular centre to increase or to slow down the heart beat. Sympathetic nerve is to increase the heart beat and parasympathetic nerve is to slow down the heart beat.

Further information, download the related notes.